Influence of parasitoid-associated viral symbionts on plant–insect interactions and biological control

Insect parasitoids have evolved symbiotic interactions with several viruses and thousands of parasitoid species established mutualistic associations polydnaviruses (PDVs). While PDVs often been described as virulence factors allowing development immature inside their herbivore hosts, there is increasing awareness that can affect plant–insect interactions. We review recent literature showing alter not only host physiology, but also feeding patterns composition herbivore’s oral secretions. In turn PDV-induced changes in phenotype plant responses to herbivory consequences ranging from differential expression defense-related genes wider ecological effects across multiple trophic levels. this opinion paper we highlight important missing gaps fully understand the role other parasitoid-associated viral symbionts a interaction perspective. Because negatively impact performance survival pests, conclude arguing PDV genomes offer potential opportunities for biological control.